摘要随着铁路的发展，铁路安全是其设计环节重点关注的课题，而机车试验设备是解决铁路安全的重要手段。在现场对机车试验设备进行数据采集，并及时、准确、可靠地将数据回馈给上位机，从而对其监测和控制，保证其行车的安全。本论文基于单片机芯片，从机车试验设备的性能及参数的角度出发，设计了该系统的的硬件和软件部分。38493
第二章给出了硬件系统设计，包括数据采集器的设计思路、采集量的测试与处理、单片机及其扩展等。其中采集量的测试包括直流参数、交流参数、接触电阻、时间量和温度的测试，单片机的扩展包括存储器的扩展和I/O口的扩展。该系统既能够通过RS-485接口与上位机进行串口通信，又能够在现场利用键盘输入命令指令和实现数据的显示。
    第三章是软件设计，给出了合理的程序流程图。
 毕业论文关键词：   机车试验设备  数据采集  8051单片机   数据通信
Abstract
    With the development of the railway, the railway safety is the subject that the people pay attention to the stress, and the locomotive test equipment is an important means to solve railway safety. In the field, locomotive test equipment is collecting data, able to make data return to the PC opportunely, exactly and reliably, hence it can be monitored and controlled artificially,which ensure its traffic safety. In this paper, based on single chip, from the perspective of performance and parameters of locomotive test equipment, we design the hardware and software of the system .
    The second chapter gives a hardware system design, including data acquisition design ideas, gather the amount of testing and treatment, the single chip and its expansion ,which the amount collected tests include DC parameters, communication parameters, contact resistance, the amount of time and temperature tested, the expansion of the single chip include  the expansion of memory and I/O ports.The system not only communicate with the host computer through RS-485 serial interface, and can enter command instructions by the keyboard and display data in the field.
     The third chapter is the software design, which gives the reasonable program flow.
Key words:   locomotive test equipment  data acquisition  8051 single chip microcomputer  data communication
目录
摘   要    I
Abstract    II
1 绪论    1
1.1 研究背景    1
1.2 相关概念阐释    1
1.2.1 机车试验设备    1
1.2.2 数据采集    2
1.3 国内外研究现状    2
1.4 本论文的主要工作    3
2 硬件系统设计    4
2.1 数据采集器设计思路    4
2.1.1数据采集器的测量参数    4
2.1.2 系统功能    4
2.1.3 设计框图    4
2.1.4 单片机的选型    5
2.2 参量的测试    6
2.2.1 直流参量的测试    6
2.2.2 交流参量的测试    7
2.2.3 接触电阻的测试    9
2.2.4 时间量的测试    10
2.2.5 温度的测试    11
2.3 采集量的处理    12
2.3.1 多路模拟开关    12
2.3.2 前置放大电路    13
2.3.3 采样/保持电路    15
2.3.4 模拟/数字转换    16
2.4 单片机性能及扩展    17
2.4.1 8051的最小系统    17
2.4.2 8051的扩展    19 8051单片机机车试验设备数据采集系统的设计+电路图+程序:http://www.751com.cn/zidonghua/lunwen_37485.html