Oliver Twist is the English novelist Charles Dickens wrote in the Victorian era. Queen Victoria's reign, this is the most glorious period in English history. In the mid-19th century, England became the world's largest economy country. However, under the cover of prosperity and wealth poverty and misery of the working class, in order to have a living, poor women and children had to work at risk, dirty factories and mines. Dickens criticizes the sin of the money doctrine in capitalist society. Although at this time he did not recognize the fundamental reason for the social evils, he revealed the miserable life of the people living in the bottom of the society by the story of Oliver.

In Marx’s view, the relationship between human and environment is interactive. Environment shapes the role of people and people change the environment. Marx believes that the interaction between environment and human is achieved through social practice activities. Environment provides a certain foundation and conditions of development for human. From this perspective, people are restricted by the environment, namely “The environment is the creation of man.” On the other hand, people also create the environment, the environment is changed by people.

     This thesis analyzes the life experiences of Oliver under the relief system, the misfortune life in the dens and the help from the good people, to prove that the society has a profound influence on the orphan. And the criticism of capitalism of Dickens in Oliver Twist is also presented.