The relational models of red ginseng pressed quality with temperature, humidity, and pressure in processing have been developed for large, middle, and small capacities, respectively. A data collecting, transmitting, and processing system has been designed and developed; this realized the digital control of red ginseng processing. In comparison with routine (conventional) processing, the processed (via digital control) red ginseng has much better quality specifications in color, proportion of yellow skin, proportion of white core, and furrow depression. Essential oil content was increased considerably, but saponin content was increased slightly. It is shown in Tables 4 and 5 that the red ginseng processed with the digital controlled technique has a higher productive rate and lower proportions of dehiscent root, white skin, fresh core, and vinous body compared to those from routine lines. Both the saponin and essential oil contents of the red ginseng processed by digital control techniques were higher than those of the conventionally processed products [21].
9. Guiding and demonstrating by the government in implementation of GAP for TCM
“Guided by the government, sponsored by enterprises, and supported by science and technology” is the typical operating way in Jilin Province in implementation of GAP for TCM. The whole process is done by industrialization of TCM production centering the development of the market. In all the counties or cities where the GAP bases are located, the leading group for base construction headed by the dominative leader of the local government and technical leading group headed by chief experts in the related colleges and research institutions are organized. This forms the “administration (government) t technology (research institution)” operating model. An integrative leading organization consisting of both management system and technical supporting system is governed by the relevant provincial office. Nowadays, most of the model is led by the TCM company, the drug products were not sold very well or changed by the company. The drug materials became unsalable goods. So, an adjustment system should be built by a research institution among different GAP bases. In the new model, management department quickly responded to various situations. The following four aspects have received more attention in the implementation of GAP in Jilin Province.
9.1. Popularization of the knowledge of GAP
GAP is a new concept for most of the public. In order to implement it broadly and deeply, governmental and educational organizations should first make it understood by people in all related fields and make it receive enough attention. The provincial government has called some special conferences and held training courses to spread the knowledge about GAP for TCM, which enhanced the consciousness and desire of people to implement GAP in the province.
9.2. Protective and sustainable development of TCM resources
Adopting domestic nurture of the wild population of TCM resources (GAP for wildlife), carrying out research and development of the balance model for maximizing collecting wild TCM, and establishing demonstrative bases for domestication of TCM resources have made a great contribution to the protection of ecological environment and natural resources, improved quality of TCM, and reduced processing cost.
9.3. Emphasizing the construction of demonstration bases
Making full use of the demonstration bases to popularize GAP knowledge is an effective way in complementation of GAP for TCM. The province has delimited and equipped 16,000 ha of demonstration areas in the well-constructed GAP bases, which have directed standardized cultivation in an area of 8,000 ha in the vicinities of the bases that doubled the efficiency of the popularization work.
9.4. Emphasizing the centering position of enterprises
Enterprises are the centerpieces in the implementation of GAP for TCM. This is the model of “Operation Centering Enterprise” performed in Jilin Province. Eighty-five percent of GAP bases in the province are sponsored and run by TCM manufacturing enterprises, which greatly accelerated the upgrading of quality and increment of capacity in the implementation of GAP for TCM. Our practice shows that the most important guarantee for implementation of GAP is the combination of science and administration (authority). The science and technology establishments of the government provide powerful support, guide, and demonstration, which might be considered as road paving and bridge building. The enterprises carry out standardized production according to the specifications of GAP, which is the task of driving. The drug administrating departments of the governments monitor and control the production activities in conformity with related provisions, that is the function of traffic control. This is our operating model in which the three operators including science and technology establishment, enterprises, and drug administration’s interact in a benign circle just like a road builder, driver, and traffic policeman. 中药材实施GAP英文文献和中文翻译(5):http://www.751com.cn/fanyi/lunwen_33851.html